Disk type magnetohydrodynamic generator

When the plasma of a magnetic fluid crosses a magnetic field, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, the positive and negative particles of the plasma separate under the action of the magnetic field and gather on two surfaces equal to the magnetic field lines. Due to the accumulation of charges, an electric potential is generated. When electrodes are installed on the channel through which the magnetic fluid flows and connected to external loads, electricity can be generated.
To ensure sufficient conductivity of high-temperature gases, it is necessary to add about 1% of a total amount of easily ionizable substance - "seeds", usually potassium carbonate, at high temperature and high speed, in order to use the principle of non-equilibrium ionization to increase ionization degree. When using a fission reactor as a heat source, the working medium is mostly inert gas (such as helium) and cesium is used as the seed material. Due to the limitations of solid component materials in the reactor, the temperature of the working medium is far from reaching an ionized state. In order to improve conductivity, non-equilibrium ionization effects are usually adopted (such as using high-frequency electric fields to induce ionization, where the temperature of electrons is higher than that of ions and neutral particles). In addition, the working medium can also be a mixture of liquid metal and gas or a mixture of liquid metal and its vapor.